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2022

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07

What are the advantages and disadvantages of graphite as a reactor material?

Source:

Crystal Dragon Special Carbon


(1) Graphite has a high scattering cross-section and a low thermal neutron absorption cross-section. The higher scattering cross-section is used to moderate neutrons, and the low absorption cross-section prevents neutrons from being absorbed, enabling nuclear reactors to use a small amount of fuel to reach criticality or normal operation.

(1) Graphite has a high scattering cross-section and a low thermal neutron absorption cross-section. The higher scattering cross-section is used to moderate neutrons, and the low absorption cross-section prevents neutrons from being absorbed, enabling nuclear reactors to use a small amount of fuel to reach criticality or normal operation.

(2) Graphite is a high temperature resistant material. Its triple point is 4024°C at 15MPa, so it cannot be manufactured by hot processing methods such as melting, casting and forging, but can only be manufactured by methods similar to powder metallurgy. It does not decrease in strength with temperature like metal, but increases slightly, and it is applied below 2000 ° C without problems.

(3) Graphite has good thermal conductivity, which can reduce the temperature gradient in the stack without generating too much thermal stress.

(4) The chemical properties of graphite are relatively stable. In addition to oxidation and water vapor at high temperatures, it is resistant to acid, alkali, and salt corrosion, so it can be used as a core component of molten salt nuclear reactors and uranium-bismuth nuclear reactors.

(5) The graphite has good radiation resistance and can serve in the reactor for 30-40 years for a long time.

(6) Graphite has good machinability and can be processed into components of various shapes.

(7) Graphite raw materials are abundant and cheap, and it is easy to make various nuclear graphites with high purity, high strength and different density requirements, but graphite also has shortcomings. It is an anisotropic crystal structure, distributed in layers, and the atoms are denser than , b crystal plane, the atomic distance of the same layer is 0.141nm, they are covalently bonded to each other, and have strong bonding force; while the layer distance is 0.335nm, the interlayer bonding force is van der Waals force, and the bonding force is weak. This anisotropy is strongly manifested in the physical, strength, irradiation and other behaviors of graphite.

Key words: high purity graphite, large size and fine structure

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